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Susanna in the bath - after Giuseppe Cesari

Description

In keeping with classical iconographic tradition, the two old men are positioned on the same side of the canvas, and in a different space from Suzanne. Suzanne conceals her nudity from the inquisitive eyes of the perverse old men by interposing an abundance of hair, which takes the place of her clothing. Shielding herself from the eyes of the old men, she gives herself up to those of the spectators on the canvas, perfectly fulfilling the founding contradiction of the scenic device: the spectator looks at what he shouldn't see; Susanna is delivered to him at the very moment when she virtuously withdraws from the eyes of the old men, who nonetheless metaphorize the spectator on the canvas.    
The space of the bath, delimited and circumscribed by the architectural factory against which Suzanne is leaning, constitutes the space of the scene itself, or restricted space. The restricted space is indeed the space towards which the gazes converge, the perverse gaze of the old men and the supposedly virtuous gaze of the spectator.    
Behind the factory, on the right, the place where the old men are, i.e. the open part of the garden, defines, constitutes the vague space, the space from which the focal object of the performance, the scene itself, is viewed.    
Between these two spaces, the vague space where the old men are and the restricted space where Suzanne is, a parapet carved in bas-relief redoubles in stone the screen of hair interposed by Suzanne. The screen separates, and at the same time articulates, the vague space and the restricted space. It's hard to guess what the bas-relief represents. Just above Suzanne's knuckle, a woman kneels at the feet of a young (hairless) man, whose arms are outstretched towards a group of bearded men in discussion. The bas-relief may represent Susanna's judgment and the intervention of young Daniel.    
What's certain, in any case, is that this low wall, which spatially materializes the prohibition of the gaze (the old men are behind the low wall because they're not allowed to look at Suzanne naked), at the same time carries representation: the screen is contradictorily an instrument of blindness and visibility.

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History :

1. Below the engraving, on the left "Peint par Joseph Cesari" (i.e. the Cavalier d'Arpin), in the center "Dessiné par Borel", on the right "Gravé par J. Bouillard".
Below the engraving is the following text:

"SUSANNE AT THE BATH From the gallery of S. A. S. Monseigneur le Duc d'Orléans. A. P. D. R. Roman school. PAINTING BY JOSEPH CESARI, KNOWN AS THE JOSEPIN. Painted on Copper, 1 Foot 7 Inches high, 1 Foot 3 Inches wide. Monseigneur le Duc d'Orléans owns only this painting by this master. Pleasant coloring, a great delicacy of brushwork, and a precious finish are noticeable in this painting: but the painter has neglected perspective, as can be seen by looking at the print. The Château d'Arpinas, where Joseph Cesari was born in 1560, earned him the nickname Josepino in Italian and Josepin in French. At the age of thirteen, he moved to Rome, where his poverty reduced him to serving the painters working at the Vatican. He tried his hand at a few works, which won him the praise of connoisseurs and earned him the means to continue his studies from Pope Gregory XIII. He was then commissioned to carry out several major works, in Rome, in the Capitol, in the church of St. John Lateran, and in Naples, in the Carthusian church. In 1600, he came to France, where Henri IV showered him with gifts and made him a Chevalier de Saint Michel. His manner, opposed to that of Caravaggio, whose rival and enemy he was, initially won him many supporters: but his reputation, which he had in a way usurped, diminished greatly on his death, which occurred in Rome in 1640."

2. The canvas of Suzanne au bain, by J. Cesari, corresponds to the description given by Diderot about Vanloo's Suzanne from the 1765 Salon. It was engraved for L.-A. de Bonafous, abbé de Fontenay, La Galerie du Palais-Royal, gravée d'après les tableaux des différentes écoles qui la composent, t. I, 1786, p. 36.

3. A Cesari canvas corresponding to the engraving, said to have been painted between 1604 and 1608, is preserved in Siena, Santa Maria della Scala.

Indexed items :
Muret
La scène est observée par effraction
Fontaine
Bas de colonne(s)
Textual Sources :
Daniel

Technical Data

Notice #001363

Image HD

Past ID :
A0682
Image editing :
Scanner
Image Origin :
Montpellier, Inst. de rech. sur la Renaissance l’âge classique & les Lumières